<p>The Roslyn Flats is a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was constructed in 1901 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The apartment building was one of several that were built near the campus of Palmer College of Chiropractic.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Roslyn Flats follows the basic design of apartment buildings built in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Davenport. The building is a three-story structure built over a raised basement and constructed in brick. Bay windows frame the façade on the north and south sides and a two-story porch was constructed between them. Flanking the window bays are rusticated brick pilasters that end in Ionic caps. The cornice features a plain molded architrave below a wide frieze into which are set small Adamesque oval windows. The building features the "formalism, sharp lines and studied elegance" that is found in Federalist architecture.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Raphael Building is a historic building located north of downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The columns vary in height to accommodate the sloping site.</p><br>
<p>The building originally housed Jacob Raphaels tin-shop, rag warehouse, rag and iron dealership, and junk dealership. The Raphael family, thought to be members of the local Jewish community, lived above the shop. German immigrants were primarily responsible for the industry, which got its start locally before the American Civil War. By 1945 there were only two manufacturers left, with the last one closing in 1961. This building is now the site of Raphaels Emporium, an antique store.</p><br>
<p>Peters’ Barber Shop is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was completed in 1905 and it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was probably built by the owners of the building on the corner, which housed a meat market at the time. Adolph Peters began operating his barbershop in 1906. Others operated the same business in this building for many years before it housed other commercial interests.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The building is a single story brick structure that sits adjacent to a two-story building on the northeast corner of West Third and Fillmore Streets. It is part of a small commercial district near the historic German neighborhoods and the industrial areas along the Mississippi River. The building features a basic storefront with double doors flanked by two sets of windows and a simple cornice across the top of the façade. It is typical of small-scale, turn of the century, commercial architecture found in many Iowa communities.</p><br>
<p>Wesley Chapel, also known as the "Hopetown Church", is a historic church building in the unincorporated community of Hopetown, Ohio, United States.</p><br>
<p>Built of brick on a stone foundation, the church features a distinctive pyramid-shaped roof above the 1888 addition. At one time, the church also included a tower above the entrance; the tower was the portion of the building hit by the 1926 lightning strike, and it was removed as a result. The various architectural elements combine to form a building that is distinctively in the Gothic Revival style.</p><br>
<p>From its earliest years, Wesley Chapel was the center of community life in Hopetown. The community was settled during the final years of the eighteenth century; the oldest graves in the church&#39;s cemetery date from the 1790s. For decade after decade, the church was the location of social activities, such as quilting bees and fish fries. Many years passed without the church being able to obtain its own minister, so it was served by circuit-riding ministers instead. Despite the prosperity brought by the coming of the Ohio and Erie Canal in the 1830s, Hopetown remained small; Wesley Chapel was always at the heart of a small settlement.</p><br>
<p>In 1979, Wesley Chapel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, qualifying both because of its historically significant architecture and because of its important place in local history. More than forty Ross County locations are on the Register, but Wesley Chapel is the only religious building among them.</p><br>
<p>Scarsdale Womans Club is a historic womens club located at Scarsdale, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1858 and expanded and remodeled in 1872 in the Second Empire style. It was again expanded and remodeled in 1941 by Hobart Upjohn. The former residence is a -story wood-frame building, clad in stucco, with a prominent mansard roof covered in red and blue hexagonal slate tiles. It features a five-bay open front porch supported by square and Doric order columns. It was acquired by the Scarsdale Woman&#39;s Club in 1928 for use as a clubhouse.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.</p><br>
<p>Union Hall is a historic commercial building located at North Salem, Westchester County, New York. It is impossible to trace its original owner and the date it was built is unknown due to omissions in the Land Records Office in White Plains. It was built around 1848 in the Italianate style. It is built into the side of a steep slope and has a two-story front facade and four stories at the rear. It is a rectangular, wood-frame building sheathed in unpainted clapboard. The building once functioned as a store, meeting hall, stagecoach stop, and residence. Also on the property there was a contributing carriage barn. However The Carriage Barn roof caved in due to heavy snows in January 1996 and was demolished in 2001. It is currently owned by Janis Menken.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Hiller Building, also known as the Schick Apartments, is located on the edge of downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Federal style building is a row house. It was individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The property on which the building stands is in the oldest section of the city. It was purchased by John Hiller from Davenport founder and developer Antoine LeClaire in 1847. Hiller himself was a builder who is responsible for the construction of the Clock Tower building on the Rock Island Arsenal. This row house was built in three sections in 1852, 1856, and 1859. The expansion reflected the city&#39;s population explosion in the 1850s. Because there was a need for rental properties, Hiller expanded his own home and rented out the extra rooms. It is not certain which of the three sections is the original. The Schick family bought the building from the Hillers in 1902. It is believed that this is one of the oldest extant buildings in Davenport.</p><br>
<p>The building has sat empty since 2015 and it has been on Davenport&#39;s "repair or demolish" list since 2016. Its south wall is bowing, crackling and it is losing some of its stones.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The two-story rectangular structure houses apartments that are symmetrically arranged along interior corridors. The north wall is composed of stone laid in ashlar fashion and covered in stucco. There are rough irregular shaped stones on the basement level and on the upper two floors of the main façade. The north side of the façade features stone pilasters with mock capital wood crowns that flank the entranceway. The northeast corner has stone quoins. The sidewalls and one in the middle are stepped at the top and the structure is topped with a gabled roof. For the most part, the interior retains its original layout and woodwork, including staircases.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Pahl House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Henry Pahl was the manager of Phoenix Mills, a local flour milling operation. He was an early occupant of this house, which is a typical Greek Revival style residence found in Davenport in the late 19th century. Its original features include the oculus found in the gable end, the molded window heads, and the double-leaf door with the recessed round-arch panels. The porch, which wraps around the front and west sides of the house, in not original to the structure. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Peter J. Paulsen House is a historic building located on the hill above downtown Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Queen Anne style residence was built by Peter J. Paulsen, who operated a grocery store on West Second Street. It exhibits the features that are characteristic of this popular late 19th-century style: an asymmetrical composition, irregular roofscale, and a corner tower with a conical roof. The tower itself rises out of an oriel window on the first and second floors. The Paulsen house also maintains some if its exterior features, including scallop-shaped wall shingles in the gables and narrow clapboards. The south gable also contains a Palladian window and the front gable a semicircular window. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The J. C. Peters House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. While he was probably not the original occupant of the house, J. C. Peters and his family lived here from 1884 into the 1890s. Peters, who had been a farmer, was of German descent and represents the ethnic makeup of this northwest Davenport neighborhood. The house itself is a Greek Revival structure, which is one of the original architectural styles used in Davenport. It pre-dates most of the other houses in the neighborhood. The 1½-story, brick house, follows a rectangular plan. It features a three-bay front, a rectangular bay on the east side and an addition off the back of the house. The entrance vestibule on the front of the house is also an addition. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Frank Picklum House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Picklum, who was a bricklayer and later a contractor, was the first person to live in the house and may have built it. Rooms were available for rent in the house by the late 1890s, but Picklum still lived here. The house was built in the McClellan style that was popular in late 19th century Davenport. The large Colonial Revival-style porch with the polygonal bay on the west side updated what is essentially a simple style. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Joachim Plambeck House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It and the neighboring Claus Untiedt House are replicas of each other, although the Plambeck House has more alterations. The 2-story Late Victorian style residence features a three-bay façade with a side entrance and a front gable. An enclosed porch was added in the re-entrant angle. Stone hoods that sit flush with the exterior wall decorate the tops of the rectangular windows. The light pink brick structure rests on a stone foundation that has subsequently been covered with cement. Joachim Plambeck, who was the first occupant of this house, was a German immigrant and worked as a woodworker. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Elizabeth Pohlmann House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Elizabeth Pohlmann was the widow of Herman B. Pohlmann, and she had this house built in 1896. The Pohlmann&#39;s were part of the German-ethnic community that lived on the northwest side of Davenport. The house features the hip roof and gable projections typically found in the Queen Anne style. But it also includes full cornice returns, which create pediments, and light colored brick typical of the Colonial Revival style. The 2½-story residence also features a main entrance framed by sidelights and an art glass transom over a plate glass parlor window. Both the front and the back of the house are missing prominent porches that were originally part of the structure. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Henry Pohlmann House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. Henry Pohlmann was a brick manufacturer who worked for his family firm of H.B. Pohlmann. The two-story brick house is a McClelland front gable that is a popular 19th-century vernacular architectural style in Davenport. The three-bay front has an off-centered main entrance and there is a polygonal window bay on the east side of the house. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Potter–Williams House was a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. This Vernacular style Greek Revival residence was built in 1873. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and has subsequently been torn down.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Waldo M. Potter, the editor of the Davenport Gazette, had this house built from 1872 to 1873. Alexander F. Williams, a partner in the wholesale and retail hardware firm Seig & Williams, bought the house in 1878. He continued to live here into the 1890s. Williams initially was involved in dry goods, but eventually moved into hardware. Seig & Williams was formed in 1869 and sold heavy hardware. Williams oversaw the buying for the company.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house was neither a pure representation of the Greek Revival style nor was it a typical expression of the style built by local builders. Instead, it was an adaptation based on the unusual topography of the site. From three sides the house was three stories tall, but the west side was built into a hill, so it appeared to be only two stories. It also stood out in a neighborhood that was mostly made up of small to medium-sized frame houses.</p><br>
<p>The Potter–Williams House was a T-shaped structure with a gabled roof and a three-story porch in the reentrant angle. The gable ends featured a wide, molded frieze. The first floor was composed of battered stone walls while the upper floors were brick. All of the windows were rectangular, and those on the second floor were taller than the windows on the other floors. The lintels were all composed of stone, and were probably influenced by the Italianate style that gained in prominence in Davenport after the Civil War. Another decorative feature that was popular in other Greek revival houses in the city was a narrow molding strip that suggested a frieze. The hood over the west entrance of the house reflected the American Craftsman style.</p><br>
<p>The Rowhouses at 702-712 Kirkwood Boulevard is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The Tudor Revival structure has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This four-unit rowhouse was completed in 1905. Working class couples were the first occupants of the units. The heads of household of the four families were Bela Nagy, who worked as a draughtsman at Davenport Machine & Foundry; Albert Katz, who was the vice president of the Why Clothing Company; Rufus Scott, who worked for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad; and Norman Godfrey, who was the secretary of the Mississippi River Sash & Door Association.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Buildings that housed more than one family were built in Davenport by at least the Civil War. Although they were larger and had more entrances, rowhouses and duplexes built in the 19th-century generally resembled single-family homes. Around 1900 apartment buildings of three or more stories were built along more "urban" lines. The rowhouses that were built after the turn of the 20th-century tended to resemble rows of commercial blocks. This rowhouse returned to the earlier practice of building multi-family housing that resembled a single-family dwelling. It follows the English Tudor style that was popular in domestic architecture at that time in Davenport. The prominent gables indicate the location of the individual units.</p><br>
<p>The F. Jacob Schmidt House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. F. Jacob Schmidt, who built this house, worked as a cooper. This Queen Anne style house was possibly ordered from a Victorian pattern book. It is a 1½-story structure with a projecting side pavilion. Its noteworthy feature is the sunburst pattern on the main gable. The Eastlake style porch has subsequently been replaced with one of a more simple design. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Old Saybrook South Green is a 20 acre historic district that encompasses the historic town green and nearby streets in Old Saybrook, Connecticut. Established in the 1630s, most of the buildings arrayed around the green were built between 1760 and 1900, and reflect the prosperity of the town, which was a major port and shipbuilding center. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Old Saybrook was founded in 1635 as the starting point of the Saybrook Colony, a Puritan English colonial settlement. It was initially limited to the Saybrook Neck, a peninsula separating North Cove from Long Island Sound on the west side of the Connecticut River. The colony flourished as a shipbuilding and maritime trade center, and its center of civic activity migrated westward to where the town center is now located, on the west side of the cove. The town green was laid out about 1760, and was soon lined with large and architecturally high-quality houses of successful businessmen and politicians. The area saw economic success into the late 19th century, and its architectural heritage reflects this.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is roughly triangular in shape, bounded by Main Street, Old Boston Post Road, and Pennywise Lane. The oldest building in the district is the c. 1767 Gen. William Hart House, which is also separately listed on the National Register. The c. 1785 Humphrey Pratt Tavern and the James Pharmacy are also individually listed on the National Register. Prominent non-residential buildings include the Gothic Revival Grace Episcopal Church (1872) and the Greek Revival Masonic Hall (c. 1830).</p><br>
<p>The Louis C. and Amelia L. Schmidt House is a historic building located in a residential neighborhood on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Louis Schmidt was born in East Davenport in 1860 and was educated in the local public schools. He attended a Davenport business college and worked as a carpenter and contractor. Schmidt was a member of Carpenters Union No. 4 and worked initially in a partnership with John H. Bertram as Schmidt & Bertram. Amelia L. Huschke was born near Davenport in 1866. The couple was married on November 26, 1889, at St. Margarets Cathedral, and they lived in a house on Bridge Avenue with their three children. They bought this property in 1891 and he built this house in 1895. The house served as the familys residence and as the base for Louis business. The Schmidts lived in this house until the 1940s. Louis died in 1942 at 81 and Amelia died in 1957 at 91. She had outlived her four children. Amelia had sold the house in 1947 to Ruth Burchell, an antiques dealer. Burchell, who was single, lived here with George A. and Mabel Burchell, and Robert L. Burchell who worked as a furniture refinisher.</p><br>
<p>Ernest and Inez Enge bought the house in 1950. He worked for the Davenport, Rock Island, and North Western Railroad. They sold the southern portion of the property to Mary E. Hootman in 1953. Inez died in 1976 at the age 85, and Ernest and his daughter Inez continued to live in the house. He transferred the title of the property to his children in 1980 and continued to live here until at least 1983. Ernest died in 1987 at the age of 99 at his son&#39;s home in Canton, Illinois. The house was rented to Joseph and Elaine Sheil from 1984 to 1989. Tina Burroughs, a realtor, bought the house in 1989 and lived here until 1991. Raymond, a biologist at Scott Community College, and Cheryl Reeves lived here from 1991 to 1996. They sold the property to Jolene M. Boddorf, who worked at the Rock Island Arsenal in 1996 and she sold it to William and Rebecca McCarley in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Schmidt House is a fine example of a Queen Anne style home that was popular in Davenport in the 1890s. It is typical of the simplified, middle-class interpretation of the style. It is a two-story, frame structure with a hip roof, lower projecting gables, and an irregular form. There is a front projecting gable-roof section and gable roofs extend over the two-story angled bay windows on the north and south elevations of the structure. A gable-roof section also extends from the back of the main hip-roof in the rear of the house. The gables feature fish scale wood shingles, carved boards, dentils, beads, and multi-light windows. The side porch at the rear of the house has turned columns, pilasters, and balustrade with decorative carved brackets. The large window on the front of the house features a leaded color transom. The stair window is a common style utilized in Queen Anne houses.</p><br>
<p>The front porch is the only major exterior change to the Schmidt House. The house was originally built with a side porch, but no front porch. It was added sometime in the 1910s or the 1920s in the American Craftsman style. It features wide eaves, tapered square columns that rest on rusticated concrete block piers, and a wooden balustrade.</p><br>
<p>The John Schricker House is a historic building located in the far West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The house has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1985.</p><br>
<h2>John C. Schricker</h2><br>
<p>John Schricker was a stone and marble contractor. His work included the Dillon Memorial in downtown Davenport and the Iowa Soldiers and Sailors Monument on the grounds of the Iowa State Capitol in Des Moines. Schricker became a partner along with Captain Chris Schricker and F.G. Roddler in the Davenport Pearl Button Company in 1895. The company made buttons from clam shells harvested from the Mississippi River. They remained in business until the 1930s. Schricker hired the Davenport architectural firm of Clausen & Clausen to design this house, which was built between 1909 and 1910.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Villa form of the Italianate style was popular in Davenport, especially in the 1870s and the 1880s. For the most part, they were built on or near the tops of the bluffs and their towers provided an excellent view of the Mississippi River Valley below. This is Schrickers second significant house in Davenport and he built it on a bluff on the far west side of the city in a place that remains fairly rural. It is one of the last expressions of the Italianate Villa found in Davenport. The house is an updated and simplified version of the style. It features a plain brick exterior and lacks the decorative window surrounds and bracketed cornices that were popular in the Victorian era. The primary decorative details are found at the houses main entrance. It features a wrought iron grill that was generally not found in Davenport until Mediterranean/Spanish Colonial Revival architecture became popular in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Alvord I. Smith House is a historic building located in the West End of Davenport, Iowa, United States. The residence has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alvord Smith was a farmer at the time he had this house built in 1868. In time he would become a general agent for the Charter Oak Life Insurance Company. Several other people owned the house after him and before Herman Steffen bought it around 1880. Steffen had retired as the manager of the St. Louis House and Saloon downtown when he bought this house.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Alvord I. Smith House is a typical example of the simplified Italianate style house with Greek Revival elements built in mid-19th century Davenport. It features a nearly square, boxy form with a shallow hipped roof with wide eaves and a simplified cornice. The house also has cast iron lintels that are in the shape of shallow triangular pediments. A small porch frames the main entrance.</p><br>
<p>The James Smith House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built in 1865. James and Maria Smith began living here in 1878, and were more than likely not the first residents of the house. James worked as a laborer and after his death his wife and sister continued to live here.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The rectangular two-story, three-bay, front gable, frame house follows the form of the Greek Revival style. It is a prototype from which a Vernacular house style known as the "McClelland" was most likely derived. While the basic form is the same, the proportions of this house are wider and the roof pitch is lower. The structure also exhibits influence from the Italianate style, which is found in the projecting cornices and tall, narrow front windows on the main floor. A front porch, which was extant in 1910, has subsequently been removed.</p><br>
<p>The William G. Smith House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1984.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>William G. Smith, who was the president of A.J. Smith and Sons, had this house built in 1894. The firm was started by his father and dealt in retail furniture and carpets sales.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>This two-story, frame house follows an irregular plan. It is eclectic in nature in that its builder borrowed from several architectural styles that are disassociated chronologically and based on a personal aesthetic. Though the practice was not uncommon in late 19th-century Davenport the other examples of eclecticism are transitional from one style to another. The Smith House features a complex roofscape that begins with a large main roof shaped as a truncated asymmetrical gable in the back and a neo-mansard in the front. There are three gables on the west side of the house with one of them perpendicular to the other two. One of the more eclectic features of the structure is the Gothic Revival front gable located above a Colonial Revival entrance. The entrance-way features engaged columns, a semi-circular fanlight, and a columned porch at the southwest corner. The house is located on a large corner lot with shaded grounds that contribute to its sense of prominence.</p><br>
<p>The J.W. Stewart House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983. It is also missing a pair of short columns on high pedestals and an arched corbel table that framed the arched window on the second floor above the entrance. The round-arch entry way and the windows have also been altered.</p><br>
<p>The George B. Swan House is a historic building located on the east side of Davenport, Iowa, United States. It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>George B. Swan was the yardmaster for the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad. Their roundhouse and switching yards were located down Farnam Street from his house. He had this house constructed in 1881 when the lot was subdivided from the LeClaire family&#39;s homestead.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The house is a two-story Greek Revival structure with a three-bay front and a front gable. Decorative features such as chamfered posts with small brackets, decorative window surrounds, a diamond-shaped window in the gable end and a two-story projecting side bay make this a Vernacular idiom of the style. A double-leaf door serves as the main entrance into the house.</p><br>
<p>The St. Mary&#39;s Catholic Church in Purcell, Kansas is a historic Roman Catholic church which was built in 1896. The church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It is a red brick Late Gothic Revival-style church with a central tower having a bell and a steeple; the steeple rises to 112 ft.</p><br>
<p>It is located at the intersection of Highways 20 and 137, on the path of the original Pony Express trail from St. Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California.</p><br>
<p>St. John the Baptist Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Beloit, Kansas, United States. The church is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Architect Joseph Marshall of Topeka drew the church plan and design, closely based on the cruciform basilica in a mix of Romanesque and Gothic styles that occur often in Germany and the area of Alsace-Lorraine. The construction uses local Post Rock limestone with Indiana limestone trim at the belt course, doors, and windows. Three flying buttresses on each long wall provide stability to the nave walls and the stone arches above the nave. At the bases of each arch, an immense Vermont granite pillar connects the arch to the foundation and separates the nave from the side aisles. The symmetrical towers are positioned on either side of the nave, and provide separate entry to the side aisles. The sanctuary is a semicircle with a diameter that is the width of the nave, constructed of five pointed arches. The pointed-arch ceilings are built within the pointed roof, made entirely of stone taken from the original church building that the structure replaced.</p><br>
<p>Dimensions:</p><br>
<p>Exterior (facing south) 152 feet long by 74 feet wide, transept width is 98 feet</p><br>
<p>Nave (interior) 61 feet long by 66 feet wide, ceiling 40 feet high</p><br>
<p>Transept 34 feet deep by 87 feet wide, ceiling 40 feet high</p><br>
<p>Towers (exterior) 24 feet long by 36 feet wide, 100 feet high</p><br>
<p>Seating capacity 800</p><br>
<p>The majority of the quarry, delivery, and rock trimming was performed by local farmers under the guidance of the parish pastor, Monsignor Michael Heitz (born in Strasbourg, Alsace-Lorraine, France, date unknown; died 7 February 1941), who had learned to dress stone from professional stonemasons. Building the foundation and full-length crypt began late in 1900; the cornerstone was laid and blessed by Bishop John F. Cunningham (died 23 June 1919) on 4 June 1901. As work progressed around it, the old church was torn down in March 1901. Construction was completed in 1904.</p><br>
<p>On Sunday, June 27, 2021, a fire started in the church&#39;s second floor library. The fire was mostly contained to the library but caused smoke damage throughout the church.</p><br>
<p>St. Joseph&#39;s Catholic Church is a historic Roman Catholic church in Topeka, Kansas, United States. It was established to serve the needs of the growing population of Volga Germans, ethnic Germans from Russia.</p><br>
<p>The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Placesin 1971. It was deemed "an outstanding Kansas</p><br>
<p>example of a large 19th century brick church building."</p><br>
<p>It is a red brick church. Its NRHP nomination states: "Most impressive to one approaching the church are the two identical steeples towering over all the neighboring buildings and trees. These towers begin as squares and then are quite nicely transformed into octagons. This transformation is executed</p><br>
<p>very gracefully by first cutting off the square corners at the clock level; the next logical step is an octagon roof with equal sides."</p><br>
<p>The L&N Station is a former rail passenger station in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States, located in the downtown area at the northern end of the Worlds Fair Park. Built in 1905 by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and designed by its chief engineer, Richard Montfort, the station was renovated for use in the 1982 Worlds Fair, and is currently home to Knox Countys STEM-based magnet high school, the L&N STEM Academy. In 1982, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places for its architecture and role in Knoxvilles transportation history.</p><br>
<p>The L&N completed a rail line running from Cincinnati to Atlanta in the early 1900s, and built a string of passenger stations and depots to service trains along this line. The L&N Station is now home to the L&N STEM Academy, a magnet high school which focuses on science, technology, engineering, and math.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The L&N Station occupies the southwest corner of the intersection of Western Avenue, Broadway, Henley Street, and Summit Hill Drive, opposite Old City Hall. It straddles the east bank of Second Creek, and was designed to incorporate the banks downward slope. The building is L-shaped, with wings projecting west and south of the northeast corner tower (the wings face Western Avenue and Henley Street). Due to the grounds slope, the building&#39;s main floor is at ground level on the north and east sides, but rises a full story above the ground on the south and west sides. Tracks and train sheds originally extended from the rail yard up to the rear of the building.</p><br>
<p>The buildings most recognizable feature is its northeast corner tower, which rises three stories, and is topped by a pitched, clay-tiled roof with decorated dormers. A smaller tower rises at the end of the west wing, giving the building its chateau-like appearance. A wrap-around veranda allows access to the main floor on the south side of the building. The north side of the west wing originally included frosted glass doors and glazed transoms, which have been restored. Due to the construction of the Western Avenue Viaduct, the buildings ground level lies about 10 ft below Western Avenue, with a ramp providing vehicular access.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the main floor consisted of waiting rooms in the west wing, a dining room in the northeast corner tower, and a kitchen, lunch counter, and baggage areas in the south wing. The waiting rooms included a general waiting room, a ladies&#39; waiting room (with a private entrance and an entrance from the general waiting room) on the northwest corner, and a "colored" waiting room on the southwest corner. The colored waiting room, a relic of segregation, had a separate entrance. The second story consisted of L&N offices, and the third story in the northeast tower was used as a drafting room by L&N engineers.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>While railroads had reached Knoxville by 1855, the L&N did not have direct access to the city until the early 1900s, due to its rivalry with the Southern Railway and its predecessors. The Southern controlled much of the rail traffic south of the Tennessee-Kentucky border, while the L&N controlled much of the traffic north of the border, and the two railroads continuously thwarted one anothers attempts to expand beyond this border. In an 1894 meeting, L&N president Milton Smith and Southern president Samuel Spencer agreed not to encroach upon each others market.</p><br>
<p>Shortly after the 1894 agreement, Spencer was named president of the Cincinnati, New Orleans and Texas Pacific Railway, essentially giving the Southern (of which Spencer remained president) access to the L&N&#39;s Kentucky and Ohio markets. Deeming the agreement void, the L&N made plans to build a direct line from Cincinnati to Atlanta by way of Knoxville. In 1902, the L&N purchased the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railroad, which connected Knoxville to the Western and Atlantic at Marietta, Georgia, and began construction of a line from Jellico to Knoxville, which was completed in 1905.</p><br>
<p>The L&N planned an elegant Knoxville station to rival the Southern Terminal, which had been erected at the Southern railyard along Depot Street. The L&N completed a freight depot in 1904, and began construction of the passenger station that same year. The station was designed by the L&N Engineering Department, headed by Irish immigrant and Royal College of Science for Ireland graduate Richard Monfort, who was largely responsible for the station&#39;s Victorian and chateauesque elements. The station formally opened on April 10, 1905.</p><br>
<p>Author James Agee describes the L&N Station in several scenes in his book, A Death In the Family, which is set in Knoxville in 1915. In an early scene, while walking through Knoxville with his father, they pass the station, and Agee noted how its stained glass "smouldered like an exhausted butterfly." In another scene, while crossing the Asylum (Western) Avenue Viaduct, he wrote, "the L&N yards lay on his left, feint skeins of steel, blocked shadows, little spumes of steam." In a later scene, Agee describes the crowded L&N waiting room, in which his family waited to catch a train to the Great Smoky Mountains.</p><br>
<h3>Named passenger trains serving the station</h3><br>
<p>Several passenger trains made stops at the station, including the following:</p><br>
<p>Flamingo - Cincinnati - Jacksonville, Florida</p><br>
<p>Southland - a pooled train from Chicago, through Cincinnati to St. Petersburg, Florida, a joint operation of the Pennsylvania Railroad, the L&N, Central of Georgia and the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad.</p><br>
<h3>Post-L&N development</h3><br>
<p>The L&N gradually phased out passenger service after World War II, with the last passenger train, the Flamingo, leaving the L&N Station in 1968. The L&N vacated the station in 1975, after which it remained vacant until purchased by Alex Harkness and his partners in 1980. In 1982, the station was renovated for use in the 1982 Worlds Fair, as it was adjacent to the Worlds Fair Park, which was then under development. Two restaurants, a Ruby Tuesday restaurant and the first L&N Seafood Grill, were housed in lower floors of the building, while the second floor offices were converted into meeting rooms for the fair&#39;s VIPs.</p><br>
<p>In 1985, the building was further renovated by Alex Harkness and Station 82 Partners for use as office space and special events. From 2002 to 2004, a restaurant, Ye Olde Steakhouse, operated out of the station while it repaired damage from a fire at its location on Chapman Highway.</p><br>
<h3>L&N STEM Academy</h3><br>
<p>In October 2010, Knox County Schools announced plans to establish a magnet high school for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), to be located in the L&N Station building.</p><br>
<p>In January 2011, Becky Ashe was appointed principal of the school and also the coordinator of STEM education for Knox County Schools. At the same time, the L&N station was officially chosen as the site for the school.</p><br>
<p>The new school officially opened on August 15, 2011, with an enrollment of 180 students. The school began with just a freshman class, a sophomore class, 8 full-time teachers, and 4 part-time teachers. It cost $5.6 million to open the school with the money being used for renovations of the building, upgrades, and technology equipment. Students were still required to meet the academic standards presented by Knox County Schools but the material was delivered through the use of iPads, block scheduling, and cross planning through departments. Students were also required to take a STEM class, which is a project based learning course. The school partners with over 215 business and organizations.</p><br>
<p>The community was asked to help give the school its permanent name. The community gave suggestions to the school board who finalized the name. Over 95 suggestions were given by the community. In October 2011, the students and faculty of the school selected a gryphon to be the school mascot. Gryphons can be seen in the stained glass windows at the school.</p><br>
<p>The L&N STEM Academy partnered with the YMCA for the physical education program at the school. The students are able to work out at the YMCA&#39;s downtown Knoxville location during their PE class. The students walk over to the YMCA, do a homework assignment, and then are able to work out at the YMCA facilities during the remainder of time for class.</p><br>
<p>In December 2011, Tennessee governor Bill Haslam visited the school and talked with six students and two teachers. The Haslam family provided many contributions to the school and a space, the Haslam Commons, in the school was named after the family.</p><br>
<p>At the end of its first year of operation, the school ranked first and second in state tests for Algebra 1 and 2 and English 1 and 2. In the second year of operation, 187 students were added to the rosters: 150 freshmen, twenty sophomores, and six juniors. Eight teachers were added to the staff to bring the total to 20 teachers. Six students returned to their zoned high school.</p><br>
<p>In late 2012, the L&N STEM Academy began to allow students from eight surrounding counties to apply to attend the school. Thirty students were admitted to the school from the eight counties of Anderson, Blount, Grainger, Jefferson, Loudon, Roane, Sevier and Union for the 2013–2014 school year. The only restriction to the students who apply from out of county are that they have to be incoming freshmen and be interested in problem solving and critical thinking.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, the school was recognized as an Apple Distinguished school for the 2012–2013 school year. It was given the award for the school&#39;s "successes in enhancing and extending teaching and learning with the implementation of technology." For AP test scores, students scored in the top percentile for scoring threes or above. The school is also at the top of Knox County Schools in proficient and advanced scores in English classes 1, 2, and 3.</p><br>
<p>In September 2013, former L&N STEM Academy student Jessica Rainwater alleged that the school helped her cheat to allow her to gain credit for a course she was taking. She alleges that "she was given her three prior tests to use while taking a history End of Course test a fourth time." Knox County School officials say that she did not cheat because that was standard procedure at the time she was taking the class. It was a county created test, not a state end of course exam, and it did not count towards her final grade.</p><br>
<p>A group of students won a national contest presented by the National Center for Earth and Space Science Education that allowed them to send a science experiment into space. They had to design a project that was related to microgravity and used multi-chambered tubes. The students wanted to find "an economically friendly way of trying to get rid of bodily wastes in space rather than bringing them back home." The experiment was used to see how cornstarch reacts with RID-X. The students spent 60 hours working on the experiment. The experiment was scheduled to launch on October 21, 2014, in Wallops Island, Virginia. Due to a boat being within 20 miles of the launch site on October 21, the launch was postponed until the next day. The rocket exploded 15 seconds after takeoff. The experiment was relaunched on a second rocket on December 9, 2014, from Cape Canaveral. NanoRacks was able to find the necessary $21,500 to rebuild the experiment for the second takeoff.</p><br>
<p>In May 2014, the school graduated its first class. Forty-two students were the total number of the first graduating class for the school.</p><br>
<p>In August 2014, The L&N STEM Academy was placed on the Reward schools list for Tennessee by the state Department of Education. The L&N was placed in the top 5% and recognized for its performance.</p><br>
<p>In May 2015, the first class, made up of just over 100 students, to attend the school all four years of its existence graduated. The class was awarded $3.1 million in scholarship money in total and which averaged to around $31,000 per student.</p><br>
<p>In August 2015, a University of Tennessee at Knoxville student broke into the school and fell from a third floor window, about 40 ft from the ground. He had non-life-threatening injuries and was believed to be drunk at the time.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church is a church in Abilene, Kansas. The church was previously under the jurisdiction of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, until it switched its affiliation in 2017 to the North American Lutheran Church. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Its sanctuary is a 40x60 ft red brick building upon a limestone foundation which was completed in 1878. Additions in 1907 and 1932 expanded the building. A 1973 one-story building is connected by a walkway.</p><br>
<p>Peoples National Bank and Trust Company Building is a historic bank building located at White Plains, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1929 and is a nine-story commercial building in the Classical Revival style. It has an L-shaped plan and features highly finished limestone and brick materials and terra cotta ornament at the street level. Above the two-story base, the building remaining stories are built of brick with limestone trim.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Bar Building is a historic commercial building designed by architect Benjamin Levitan and located at White Plains, Westchester County, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built in 1926 and is a ten-story, 125-foot-tall building. Above the tenth floor is a two-story, recessed penthouse. The penthouse floors are enclosed with a crenellated parapet which originally housed the short lived "City Club" as well as the structures water-tank. It is a steel-frame building clad in face brick and cement with Neo-Gothic and Art Deco terra cotta ornamentation. Its crenellated tower originally had glazed windows encircling its three sides. These were later bricked in. When completed, The Bar Building was the tallest structure between New York City and Albany, NY. Since 1990, the buildings penthouse has been the location of J.J. Sedelmaier Productions, Inc., an animation and design studio. When the building was threatened with demolition through eminent domain in the early 2000s, Sedelmaier himself was instrumental in working with the White Plains Historical Society and NY State in insuring the preservation and listing of the structure on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 17, 2007.</p><br>
<p>Stony Hill Cemetery, also known as the Cemetery of the Asbury Colored Peoples Church, is a historic cemetery located at Harrison, Westchester County, New York. It is an example of a rural, 19th century African American burial ground.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The cemetery contains approximately 200 grave sites. It includes seven professionally carved stones, including four government issued markers. Also on the property is the site of a former church demolished before 1930.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. In 2004, it was added to the African American Heritage Trail of Westchester County, a group of 14 sites which include the Rye African-American Cemetery, Villa Lewaro and the Jay Estate.</p><br>
<p>Records show that 36 buried individuals are veterans: 16 were with the 29th Connecticut Colored Infantry Regiment; 14 were with the 11th United States Colored Heavy Artillery Regiment; five men served in the 20th United States Colored Infantry Regiment; and one man was in the Navy.</p><br>
<p>White Plains Rural Cemetery is a historic cemetery located in the city of White Plains, Westchester County, New York. The cemetery was organized in 1854 and designed in 1855. It contains miles of narrow, paved roads, none of which are in a straight line. The roads create circular and lozenge-shaped areas for burials. Also on the property is a former church, now a cemetery office. It was built in 1797, and is a -story, five-by-three-bay frame building with a high-pitched gable roof. It was modified for office use in 1881.</p><br>
<p>The cemetery was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 19, 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Graves of notable people</h2><br>
<p>Olivia Hooker (1915-2018), American psychologist, professor, and was the last known survivor of the Tulsa race massacre</p><br>
<p>Carl Williams (1959–2013), an American boxer</p><br>
<p>Ralph Waite (1928–2014), an American actor</p><br>
<p>The former Brandreth Pill Factory is a historic industrial complex located on Water Street in Ossining, New York, United States. It consists of several brick buildings from the 19th century, in a variety of contemporary architectural styles. In 1980 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Most of the original buildings succumbed to fire in the 1870s, but the oldest, a Greek Revival building possibly designed by Calvin Pollard in the 1830s, remains. Nearby is a corrugated iron structure that may be the earliest use of that material in Westchester County.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Brandreth made his familys popular medicine, said to treat blood impurities, at the factory, starting in the 1830s. The factorys construction was the beginning of the industrial development of the Ossining waterfront. It continued to be used for manufacturing until the 1940s. Some of the smaller buildings remain in use today, although the former main building is vacant.</p><br>
<p>The village had been considering a proposal to convert the main factory building to green housing. After a proposal to do so failed to gain approval, due in part to flooding concerns in the wake of Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the owners demolished part of the building in 2015. The village claimed it was illegal as the permit had expired; the owners claimed otherwise. The building was fully demolished in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Buildings and grounds</h2><br>
<p>The 5.6 acre site stretches along the north end of Water Street on Ossinings waterfront, close to the Hudson River and the railroad tracks of Metro-Norths Hudson Line and Amtrak&#39;s Empire Service. With the exception of a modern warehouse facility at the end of the street, north of the old main building, they are the only buildings in the area, some still used for industrial or commercial purposes. The land is level due to the proximity of the river; Water Street generally follows the lower edge of a steep wooded bluff to the north end of the site, where a stream flows into the Hudson and opens a wide gorge.</p><br>
<p>Just past the fork to Solitude Lane, about 400 ft north of the intersection with Snowden Avenue and Westerly Road, are the first set of buildings. Between the street and the tracks is a gable-roofed one-story brick storage building with segmental-arched windows. East of the street is a group of small buildings that constituted the factory in its earliest days—Brandreth&#39;s office (now demolished), a mixing and packing building, a box-making building and the storage facility that is the oldest building of the group.</p><br>
<p>Set back a short distance are two single-story buildings. The northerly of the pair is a Carpenter Gothic-styled one-story structure with a gabled roof, board-and-batten siding and lancet arched windows in the gables. It was used to dry pills and make boxes, and as office space. It has been modified greatly since its construction. The southerly is a flat-roofed brick building used for pill manufacture.</p><br>
<p>To their east, at the edge of the woods, is the oldest building in the factory complex. It is a two-story three-by-three-bay flat-roofed structure. Doric pilasters at each corner, along with three at evenly spaced intervals along between windows along the north and south facades, support a blank entablature below the roof. Their granite bases and capitals complement the granite sills and lintels on the windows. A modern concrete block addition is attached to the south. Inside, it retains much of its original furnishing.</p><br>
<p>Another 150 ft to the north, also between the road and the tracks, is a corrugated iron storage facility built on the original factory site. Its framing, visible on the exterior, consists of timber wrapped in iron. In both roof gables are simple classically inspired designs, also of iron-wrapped wood.</p><br>
<p>Further along Water, another 300 ft, on the east, is the joined complex of three buildings that included the three-story main building. It was an L-shaped three-story brick structure with a slate-covered mansard roof pierced by four brick chimneys. The tallest, near the south end of the L, rises two additional stories above the roof. Windows and doors had brick hood lintels; above the cast iron cornice supported by pendanted brackets were hooded dormer windows in the roof. Inside there was exposed original brick, segmental-arched entryways, walnut and cast iron roof columns and exposed roof framing.</p><br>
<p>The main building had two additions: a one-story machine shop on the north side of the western corner, and a large two-story section with a corrugated iron gabled roof and segmental-arched windows without lintels extending east from the north end. The cleared sites of other additions, as well as several buildings in the bend of the L to the east, are still extant.</p><br>
<p>To the west of the building, at the street, is a small brick office building with a granite water table. It is one and a half stories high, three bays by four, with a gabled roof supported by large wooden pendanted brackets. Its decoration also includes a course of painted brickwork crosses setting off an entablature above in the gable fields with some other isolated brickwork crosses. Fenestration consists of rectangular windows with granite sills and lintels along the north and south profiles, with an oculus in the gable apex. Stone steps lead to the paneled wooden and glass doors, sheltered by a curved canopy supported by large brackets at the sides. Inside the remaining original features include intricately molded woodwork and ceiling medallions, door hardware and a vault with a stone floor and brick walls.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>While the factory did not start out as Brandreths, it became associated with him by the mid-19th century and remained so through the main buildings partial demolition in the early 21st century.</p><br>
<h3>1835–1939: Brandreth years</h3><br>
<p>Benjamin Brandreth was born in Newtown, Derbyshire, England and was raised in Liverpool by his maternal grandparents. He took over the patent medicine business started by his grandfather in the 1820s. He pioneered the use of advertising with testimonials to the effectiveness of the pills&#39; treatment of the blood impurities thought to create disease at the time, and developed a growing presence in the English and American markets. In 1835 he moved to New York with his family.</p><br>
<p>His success continued, and the following year he moved to Ossining, then known as Sing Sing, to acquire all the land the remaining buildings sit on, and build a factory. By 1837 he was working from two buildings, one of which is the Greek Revival building that still stands in the cluster of buildings east of the street at the south end of the site. It may have been designed by Calvin Pollard, who built two houses in Ossining for Brandreth (neither extant) during this period as well as St. Paul&#39;s Episcopal Church downtown. An early engraving, used in his ads, depicts the building as having three stories and a cupola. It was right on the shore of the Hudson.</p><br>
<p>Brandreth may have found Sing Sing not only a beautiful place to do business but a strategic one as well. Agricultural produce shipped down to its active river port could be used as the vegetable base of the pills, and those pills could then be shipped down to New York City. At the time, there were also mining and quarrying operations, particularly at the new Sing Sing Prison, on the riverside, but Brandreth&#39;s manufacture of finished goods at his facility made his the first true industrial facility on the Ossining waterfront.</p><br>
<p>After an 1838 trip down the Mississippi River to sell pills, the business grew even more. Brandreth became a naturalized USA citizen in 1840, and became active in the politics of the growing village. He served as its president for three years, and later was elected to two separate terms in the State Senate. In 1848, he purchased an interest in fellow English American Thomas Allcocks Porous Plasters and began developing a facility to manufacture them on an old mill site further up the river. The Hudson River Railroad was being built through Sing Sing that year, further extending the companys reach and filling in the riverfront to provide a stable, straight surface for tracks. The latter opened more land for future building in the process.</p><br>
<p>The factorys expansion served it well for the next two decades. It continued to produce 1.2 million boxes of pills annually, each of which retailed for 25 cents ($ in modern dollars). The pills were well known enough that Herman Melville mentioned them in Moby-Dick and Edgar Allan Poe devoted part of his story "Some Words with a Mummy" to a fanciful discussion of what their ingredients might be. P.T. Barnum gave Brandreth sardonic recognition in his book Humbugs of the World for his promotional skills. Back in Ossining, Brandreth helped establish two banks, and was on the founding board of Dale Cemetery, still the communitys largest. If the company had wanted to expand during this period, the economic pressures of the Civil War prevented it from doing so.</p><br>
<p>Seven years after the end of the war, in 1872, a fire destroyed many of the buildings, including Brandreth&#39;s first manufacturing facility. The rebuilding put up most of the surviving buildings, as well as the more modern facility on an old mill site at the north end of the property: the current main building. Brandreth wanted to incorporate the newest technology into his new buildings, and so the storage facility midway between the two complexes was one of the first in Westchester to use corrugated iron while the main building had some of the first Otis elevators.</p><br>
<p>One morning in early 1880, Brandreth collapsed and died shortly after leaving his office. His son Franklin took over management. During the later years of the 19th century and the early 20th, the factory began to diversify its operations in response to increasing federal regulation of the patent-medicine industry. Among the new products were ammunition-box liners for the military during World War I.</p><br>
<p>Franklin Brandreth stepped down in 1928 and was replaced by his grandson Fox Brandreth Connor. By then the domestic market for the pills it had once manufactured in abundance was gone. Of the factory&#39;s earlier products, only porous plaster remained, and that was only made in winter. The company was making nail polish, mannequins, cell forms for bulletproof fuel tanks and the Havahart line of non-lethal animal traps.</p><br>
<h3>1940–2015: Use, disuse and demolition</h3><br>
<p>In 1940 the company sold the buildings at the southern end of the property to the Gallowhur corporation, which used them to make insect repellent and suntan lotion. The rights to the pill formula were also sold off after World War II. Brandreth&#39;s company, under the Allcock name, continued its manufacturing operations in the 1870s complex until 1979. They were later used by the Filex Corporation, a maker of steel office furniture.</p><br>
<p>Eventually they became vacant again. In the 2000s a local developer, Plateau Associates, proposed the Hidden Cove on the Hudson project for the main building area. A total of 132 new housing units, planned as condominiums of a mix of prices,</p><br>
<p>Plans apparently stalled after Plateau submitted its draft environmental impact statement (EIS) in 2008. At that time it also secured a demolition permit, but did not use it as other options were explored. In 2011 it prepared to submit a final EIS, with Hidden Cove now, in the wake of the Great Recession, changed to luxury rental units.</p><br>
<p>However, in 2007, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) had issued updated flood plain maps for the Hudson River. They showed that the property would be under two feet (2 ft) of water in a hundred-year storm. By late 2012 that probability had been demonstrated by flooding after three tropical storms—Irene, Lee and Sandy—had struck the region. The last of those storms had, in fact, flooded the factory area up to four feet (4 ft). In the wake of Sandy, FEMA issued new maps.</p><br>
<p>Before Sandy, the already-deteriorated buildings ground floor would have to be raised at least two feet, making it impossible to put any residential units on it. Afterwards, that would likely have been increased to six feet (6 ft) "We were thinking about adaptive reuse of the mill," said Peter Stolatis of Plateau. "The new floodplain plan puts an end to that." Plans to demolish the building were accelerated by village officials insistence that the project be limited to just one building rather than several, he added.</p><br>
<p>Shortly afterward, the villages Historic Preservation Commission gave the building local landmark status. This meant that the building could not be demolished without its official permission. But in April 2015 Plateau Associates, the owner, began demolishing the building. While the company had been issued a demolition permit in 2008, Village manager Christine Papes said it had expired, and Plateau had not cleared its action with the villages Historic Preservation Commission, either. Plateaus lawyer claimed it had met all the villages requirements and not heard back from the village, so it proceeded with the demolition.</p><br>
<p>Sarles&#39; Tavern, also known as Granite House, was a historic inn and tavern building located at Millwood, Westchester County, New York. It was built between 1814 and 1817 and was constructed of locally quarried granite. It was a two-story, rectangular building with a low pitched gable roof in a restrained Greek Revival style.</p><br>
<p>The property was sold in 1817 by David Crasto to William Sarles, who renamed the property Sarles Tavern. Sarles operated the property as a stagecoach stop for the route from White Plains to Somers until his death in 1853. After Sarles death the building was run as a tavern by his sons until it was sold to the Merritt family, which ran it as an inn until the early 1900s. The propertys name was then changed to Merritt&#39;s Corners.</p><br>
<p>The building was demolished in 1993 after the interior was consumed by fire; The building was unusable.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>The Jug Tavern, also known as the Davids–Garrison House or the Grapevine Inn, is located at the junction of Revolutionary Road and Rockledge Avenue in Sparta section of Ossining, New York, United States. It is a wood frame building, the oldest elements of which date to the mid-18th century, before the American Revolution, making it possibly the oldest structure in the village. It has, however, been expanded and modified since then, and was almost completely rebuilt in the late 19th century. In 1976 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Originally it was located along the Albany Post Road, the central building in the small hamlet of Sparta, a name still used for the neighborhood later absorbed into the village of Ossining and retaining many other intact historic buildings. Much of the house&#39;s history is unclear, including whether it was ever even a tavern. Some local legends hold that Revolutionary War figures such as George Washington and John André visited. The name "Jug Tavern" was not even known to have been used for the property until the mid-20th century. A local organization dedicated to preserving the building currently owns the property.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The tavern is located on the northwest corner of the intersection, 600 ft west of Albany Post Road (USA Route 9) and 1,000 ft east of the Hudson River. On the east are large modern commercial buildings and parking lots; to the west are the other residential buildings of Sparta, amid mature trees. Sparta Brook, a small tributary of the Hudson that takes its name from the settlement, is just to the east. The land slopes up slightly toward the north and northwest as a result.</p><br>
<p>The six-by-two-bay building is built into that rise, with its stone foundation exposed on the east to give it the appearance of two and a half stories. The basement&#39;s east face, like the upper stories, is sided in clapboard. It is topped with a side-gabled, shingled roof from which one brick chimney rises. On the northwest corner of the second story is an addition that gives the north facade an extra bay.</p><br>
<p>Along the full length of the second story is a balustrade veranda that serves as a porch for the ground floor. It is supported by five square wooden pillars that rise to the overhanging eaves. Both stories have full fenestration with two-over-two double-hung sash windows and two entrances flanking the center, with those on the second story closer together and having no intervening window. Similar windows are on the other three elevations and in the gable fields. Additional entrances are located at the south basement and the north addition.</p><br>
<p>Inside all the finishes are modern. Most date to the late 19th century at the earliest. The only remnant of the original building is in the structural system, where later renovations replaced some, but not most, of the original mortise and tenon framing with balloon framing more common at the time the renovations were likely done.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Early 18th-century records suggest that the land where the tavern now stands, then owned by the Philipse family, was leased by a Charles Davids (or Davis, in some documents), a tenant farmer. The Albany Post Road was built through the area in 1723, and by 1744 a bridge crossed the brook. The area was a natural crossroads, and Davids built a farmhouse from which at least the foundation and framing survive between 1758 and 1760.</p><br>
<p>Incomplete later records suggest that his sons inherited various portions of the leasehold, though it is not known which. By the 1780s, the latest period suggested for the houses construction, a road ran down to the river from the site and the future hamlet of Sparta was coming into being. In 1784 the Philipse land was confiscated by the state as a consequence of Frederick Philipses support for the British during the recent Revolutionary War. The following year it was offered for sale, and Peter Davids bought the 200 acre</p><br>
<p>Four years later, Davids took out a mortgage covering 70 of those acres (70 acre) to cover debts he had owed a New York City man since 1772. In 1794 he defaulted, and signed it over to James Drowley, who laid out a plan for Sparta but died in 1795. A survey map from that year of the plan is the first known to show a building at the current site.</p><br>
<p>By 1814 the house had become the property of Nathaniel and Annis Garrison. That year they transferred it to a Samuel and Tallman Garrison, possibly Nathaniels brothers. In turn, Tallman Garrisons 1817 will bequeathed his half of the property to his brother William. Nathaniel and Annis apparently continued living there. Sparta changed soon after when the Post Road was rerouted away from the house to the current alignment of Route 9. This benefited Sing Sing (as Ossining was then known) to the north as a local port for river shipping, since its Main Street was still a convenient route to its docks, which also charged a lower fee. Sparta began to decline as a commercial center, to the point that when then Hudson River Railroad was built two decades later, no station was built to serve it.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Garrison died in 1843. His wife at some point regained the property, since records show that she paid the property taxes on it during the 1860s, possibly with proceeds from a very small shop local lore says she ran in the house and boarders they took in. At some time during the Garrisons ownership of the house, its size was doubled and the veranda added. Sparta further changed two years after Nathaniel Garrisons death, when, in 1845, it became part of the Town of Ossining, newly created from the Town of Mount Pleasant.</p><br>
<p>The likelihood that Nathaniel and Annis Garrison regained ownership sometime during the early 19th century also finds support in their grandsons&#39; sale of the house to Michael Geisler in 1882. He spent much of the next year rebuilding it almost as it was. A contemporary painting, presumed to show the house as it was before this work, depicts it almost as it is now save for having two chimneys and showing signs of neglect, with gaps in its eaves showing its rafters.</p><br>
<p>This might have led Geisler to restore the house, but that is not known for sure. It is also possible that it was damaged by fire, as a contemporary newspaper account reports that Geislers home in Sparta was burned. It is not clear whether the article is referring to the tavern itself though since Geisler owned more than one property in the hamlet, and an account of the taverns demolition in the same newspaper a week later makes no mention of a fire. It also reports that much of the original timber framing was in good condition, so it may likely have been reused either in the rebuilt house or the new house Geisler was building nearby.</p><br>
<p>In 1901 the village of Sing Sing formally changed its name to Ossining, in order to distinguish itself from Sing Sing Prison. Five years later, Sparta itself voted to be annexed by the prosperous village, which they had increasingly come to feel part of. It was an increasingly declining part, with high crime and deteriorating buildings. That ended in 1919 when Frank A. Vanderlip, president of National City Bank, and his wife, residents of Scarborough to the south, began redeveloping the hamlet. They bought many of the old houses and restored them into middle-class housing.</p><br>
<p>The Jug Tavern, already renovated by the Geislers, was not among Vanderlips restorations. However, it may have figured in Vanderlips efforts, as many of the houses were being renovated in the Colonial Revival mode, and it was the only building in Sparta that actually dated to that period. The Vanderlip efforts, which continued past his death until the last restored house was sold in the 1970s, led to much local newspaper coverage and an interest in the history of the area. It is during that period that much of the lore about the Tavern—that various Revolutionary figures such as George Washington or John André had stopped in for a drink, or that British prisoners of war were held in the cellar—may have surfaced and become accepted as, or confused with, fact.</p><br>
<p>Geisler&#39;s descendants owned and lived in the house until 1974, when it was sold to the town. The village designated Sparta a local historic district the following year. Restoration efforts began, and it was listed on the Register in 1976. In 1986, the property was turned over to its present owner, Jug Tavern of Sparta Inc., a non-profit organization that preserves it. Restoration was completed in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Name and use</h2><br>
<p>There is uncertainty over whether the house was ever used as a tavern, and if it was, whether it was called the Jug Tavern. No clear record of a liquor license being granted to the property exists. In 1795, a man named William Hall was granted a license to operate a tavern in Sparta, the first record of that name being used for the community, but the tavern&#39;s location is not specified. Some local lore holds that liquor was served illegally, without charge, to those who could be trusted to keep that knowledge to themselves, and hence no license would have been sought, much less recorded.</p><br>
<p>That belief also holds that liquor sales were illegal when made by the jug rather than the glass, hence the name. "Jug Tavern" does not appear in any document related to the building until 1947, and reportedly the Geisler descendants who lived there as it began to catch on were offended by it. Almost 30 years later, Frank Vanderlip&#39;s son told the authors of a walking tour guidebook that he had never heard the name in his lifetime of developing the area. To him it had always been known as the "Grapevine Inn", due to the decorations around the front door. An 1895 photograph appears to show them.</p><br>
<p>The former Washington School is located on Croton Avenue  in the village of Ossining, New York, United States. It was built in 1907 in the Beaux-Arts style, one of two in the village to use it. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>It was built as a high school, in response to the village&#39;s rapid growth following industrialization in the early 20th century, from a design by Wilson Potter of New York City, an architect who specialized in schools. It includes what were at the time some of the most progressive and advanced features of school buildings. Its early (for a school) use of the Beaux-Arts style and placement on a rise in the land give it a monumental quality despite its relatively small size.</p><br>
<p>It is no longer used as a school, and has been turned over to the village for reuse. For a time it housed a museum established by the local historical society. In 1973 it was closed by the school district as part of desegregation efforts. Since a 2009 renovation it has been home to the House of Refuge Apostolic Faith Church. It remains largely as it was originally built, with few alterations.</p><br>
<h2>Building</h2><br>
<p>The school building is located on a one-acre (4,000 m) lot the north side of Croton, a quarter-mile (500 m) northeast of where it forks off from Highland Avenue (USA Route 9) in downtown Ossining. It is just west of Todd Place, and the intersection where Dale Avenue (New York State Route 134) forks off to the northeast. Across the street are some commercial buildings and a parking lot; to the south there is a high-rise apartment complex. The neighborhood is otherwise residential, composed of two-story wooden frame houses built later in the 20th century. The land under the school rises slightly, reflecting the gorge of Sing Sing Kill, a tributary of the Hudson River, just to its northwest.</p><br>
<p>A circular walkway connects the building to Croton Avenue. There is a flagpole in the center. Both are considered contributing resources to the National Register listing.</p><br>
<h3>Exterior</h3><br>
<p>The building itself is a T-shaped two-story load-bearing brick structure on a raised basement topped by a partly hipped roof pierced by three brick ventilation stacks and one brick chimney, all near the corners. Its facades are trimmed with terra cotta. The middle of the east (front) face projects slightly. A one-story auditorium wing projects from the west.</p><br>
<p>The basement&#39;s brick is laid in rusticated bands. In the middle is the recessed main entrance, with double wooden doors in a classically detailed segmental-arched surround and narrow one-over-one double-hung sash windows on either side. It has four bays set with double three-over-three double-hung sash elsewhere on the facade.</p><br>
<p>On the second and third stories of the projecting middle section, the three bays are set with triple three-over-three double-hung sash. Paired pilasters running up both stories separate them vertically; between the two stories are recessed terra-cotta spandrels inscribed with "SCIENCE", "LANGUAGE" and "HISTORY." At the top is a wide frieze, then a wider terra cotta entablature with "WASHINGTON SCHOOL" inscribed in a central tablet. Outside the central section, the only decoration is rectangular molded brick tablets on the third story.</p><br>
<p>The two side facades have a largely similar treatment. The rustication and entablature along the basement are continued. Their entrances have a similar surround, but are topped with a recessed two-story segmental arch with windows that light the staircase behind them. On either side are three two-over-two double-hung sash at the basement level and groups of five two-over-two double-hung sash on the second and third stories.</p><br>
<p>The four-by-four-bay auditorium wing also sits on a raised basement. It lacks terra cotta but is otherwise similar in materials and decorative treatment to the main block. The auditorium section has large tripartite windows with transoms, giving way to six-over-six double-hung sash backstage. In one window bay on each side are exit doors, with steel platforms and stairs. Below, on the basement, are paired two-over-two double-hung sash. The wing has a flat roof.</p><br>
<p>A cornice, modillioned above the central main facade, marks the roofline. Above it is a parapet wall. The roof is surfaced in slate sections broken by banks of skylights. In the center it is flat, with a larger skylight superstructure.</p><br>
<h3>Interior</h3><br>
<p>At all the main entrances a vestibule leads to steps up to the second story. The building&#39;s interior floor plan, with 34,000 ft&sup2; of space, remains unaltered. Two central corridors on either side cross the building, with the east-west one providing access to the stairs at either end.</p><br>
<p>The boiler room is located at the western corner of the basement. The second story has a library and office suite in the southeast corner and large classrooms in the others. The auditorium begins within the main block and extends into the west wing. Above it the third story has smaller classrooms. The skylights on the attic level illuminate laboratory rooms. In the center is an open rectangular room with a coffered skylight.</p><br>
<p>Many of the original finishes remain. The corridors are floored in hardwood, although they have been replaced by plywood and carpeting in the classrooms. The plaster walls and ceilings, ceramic-tile wainscoting and woodworking are all original. Some modern features, like fluorescent lights and wire glass doors to the stairwells, have been added. The auditorium has its original fold-down wooden chairs and ceiling skylight with a stained glass emblem in the center depicting a ship with sails and the legend "Embark on a voyage of knowledge."</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally known as Sing Sing, Ossining first prospered in the 18th and early 19th centuries as one of many farm communities shipping produce to New York City via sloops on the Hudson River, benefiting from the villages location at a crossroads with a turnpike connecting it to farms further inland, corresponding to the current intersection of Croton and Highland avenues. The construction of one of New Yorks first prisons near the port in the 1820s spurred some additional development, and when the Hudson River Railroad was built in the middle of the century industrialization soon followed. By the beginning of the 20th century, when Ossining changed to its current name to distance itself from the prison, its population had multiplied considerably from a century before.</p><br>
<p>The village&#39;s older system of small wooden schoolhouses was no longer adequate to educate its children to the level society desired, and Washington was commissioned as its first modern school. Architect Wilson Potter, of New York City, specialized in school buildings. He included a number of modern features that had already become standard on other institutional buildings of the era, such as large windows to let in natural light, partially enclosed steel stairways to provide better fire safety, and central heating.</p><br>
<p>Potter used the Beaux-Arts style that had become popular over the preceding decades, particularly for public buildings. Only one other building in the village, the Bank for Savings, a contributing property to the Downtown Ossining Historic District built the year after the school, would use it. The school is a particular strong example of the style, with its axial symmetry, advancing and retreating wall planes and classical detailing. Despite the building&#39;s relatively small size, it achieves the monumental presence characteristic of Beaux-Arts buildings through an exaggerated sense of its height conveyed the combination of its siting on a low rise and its hipped roof and chimneys.</p><br>
<p>The new school served the community and the school district for a quarter-century before continuing growth fueled by suburbanization exceeded its capacity. In 1929 the district built the current Ossining High School downtown, on Highland Avenue. It was converted to an elementary school. The Ossining Historical Society, founded two years later, would be housed in the school for over three decades.</p><br>
<p>Ossining continued to grow, adding another four elementary schools over the next several decades. As the school districts reach extended beyond the town and village of Ossining to neighboring New Castle, racial disparities became evident. Since most of the districts minority population lived in Ossining, their children were concentrated at Washington.</p><br>
<p>In 1968 a state commission identified Ossining as one of the 54 most segregated districts in the state. Since the five elementary schools fed into a single middle and high school, racial tensions sometimes flared into riots that spilled off school grounds into the village&#39;s downtown business district. To remedy that, the school board voted to close Washington and implement busing to even the racial balance at the other schools.</p><br>
<p>The historical society moved to the Richard Austin House, further east along Croton, in 1968. Washington, already showing signs of physical decline, was closed in 1973. The district continued to use it for offices for another eight years, after which it was rented out to private parties.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 Joan Whittaker, pastor of the growing House of Refuge Apostolic Faith Church, which had worshipped at several other locations around Ossining, saw the building as a likely future location. She persisted despite being told it was not for sale, and eventually purchased it. After extensive renovations, it opened for services in 2009.</p><br>
<p>Van Cortlandtville School, also known as Common School District No. 10, is a historic school building located at Van Cortlandtville, Westchester County, New York. It was built about 1850 and is a small, one story, brick vernacular Gothic Revival style building. It has a steeply pitched, slate covered gable roof and board and batten siding. Additions were made to the original building in the early 20th century and in 1940. The building serves as headquarters of the Van Cortlandtville Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>Bolton Priory is a historic home built in 1838 for the Reverend Robert Bolton and his family, in the Village of Pelham Manor in Westchester County, New York. The home stands upon a wooded tract of land overlooking Pelham Bay; the once large estate surrounding it has now diminished to 3.7 acres. Influenced by the Romantic Movement in England, Bolton chose to design the house in the Romantic idiom. The building was designed to appear as if it had been constructed over a period of time; stone was used in one section and brick in another, to give the impression of various additions.</p><br>
<p>Bolton Priory serves as a good reflection of both the lifestyle and tastes of a cultivated, influential family in mid-19th century rural Pelham as well as a great example of the romantic theories of architectural design emerging in America at that time. The Priory was illustrated in the first edition of Andrew Jackson Downing&#39;s influential Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening published in 1841, in which he described it as a "highly unique residence in the old English style".</p><br>
<p>The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Overview</h2><br>
<p>Purchased from the Siwanoy Indians by Thomas Pell in 1654 the tract of land known as Pelham had become by 1790 a largely agrarian settlement with a population of 199, of which 38 were slaves. Its relative proximity to New York City resulted for much of the succeeding century in the use of rural Pelham both as working farmland and as country estates for men associated with the economic and cultural life of the City to the south.</p><br>
<p>Born in the United States in 1778, Robert Bolton traveled as a young man to England where he received an education as a</p><br>
<p>minister and married Ann Jay, daughter of an English clergyman. Returning to America with his family of 13 children,</p><br>
<p>Bolton in 1836 was given St. Paul&#39;s Parish in the Town of Eastchester, Westchester County, and settled on a farm on</p><br>
<p>the site of the present village of Bronxville. The following year Bolton purchased 38 acres on Shore Road in the settlement of Pelham on which he completed the Priory residence in 1838.</p><br>
<p>It is believed that Washington Irving, a friend of Boltons, was closely associated with the design of both the house and the surrounding gardens. Boltons sons executed much of the interior finishing themselves, including the richly carved woodwork. and the stained glass made by William Jay Bolton, a pioneer in the manufacture of stained glass in America.</p><br>
<h2>Design</h2><br>
<p>The main structure is composed of a long two-story block intersected by a gabled two-story wing, with a crenelated four-story octagonal tower at the northern angle of that junction and a crenelated three-story square brick tower at the southwestern end of the main block. Washington Irving gave yellow bricks from the Old Dutch Church of Sleepy Hollow to outline the construction date on the wall above the door.</p><br>
<p>The interior, also essentially little altered from the 19th-century scheme, contains a number of well-proportioned areas on the first floor. On the second floor, eight rooms are accessible from the main hall which extends the full length of the house. The craftsmanship attributed to Robert Bolton&#39;s sons is exhibited in the richly detailed woodwork such as mantels and built-in bookcases.</p><br>
<p>Situated in the vicinity of the Priory are several structures associated with the property: Christ Church (1843), Christ Church Parish House (1845, 1876), Bolton Memorial Building (ca. 1848), Bolton Cottage (1810), and the Stables (1895).</p><br>
<p>Widow Haviland&#39;s Tavern, also known as Square House Museum, is a historic inn and tavern building located at Rye, Westchester County, New York. It is a frame, gambrel roofed building with portions believed to date to the early 18th century, about 1730. It opened as a tavern about 1760. John Adams , George Washington , and General Lafayette  are among the well known customers. It ceased use as a public house about 1830, then was a private residence until 1903, after which it became the municipal hall. It has been used since 1964 as a local history museum.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<p>North Salem Town Hall is a historic town hall located at Salem Center, Westchester County, New York. It was built about 1770 by the DeLancey family as a private home. It has been used for governmental and educational functions since 1773. It is a three-story frame building, covered in clapboard, five bays wide and three bays deep on a fieldstone foundation in a vernacular Georgian style. It has a gambrel roof topped by a six-sided cupola. From 1790 to 1884 it housed the North Salem Academy and, after 1886, the town offices of North Salem, New York. Note: This includes</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The White Plains Armory is a historic building in White Plains, New York, in Westchester County.</p><br>
<p>Located at 65 Mitchell Place/35 South Broadway, the building was built to serve as a National Guard armory. Construction of the building began in 1909 and was completed in 1910. The police troop left the Armory in November 1929 after a new headquarters in Hawthorne was completed.</p><br>
<p>Subsequently, the building&#39;s tenants were the 106th Infantry Regiment and then the Headquarters and Headquarters Battalion, Company D, 212th Field Artillery.</p><br>
<p>It is located on the site of the first courthouse where the Declaration of Independence was read on July 11, 1776.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<p>The building was vacated in 1977. In 1982, it was converted to Armory Plaza, a senior housing complex with a senior center on first floor.</p><br>
<p>The McGregor Memorial Conference Center is a meeting and event facility on the campus of Wayne State University in Midtown Detroit, Michigan, designed by noted Japanese American architect Minoru Yamasaki  and completed in 1958. The design marks a shift in style from Yamasaki&#39;s earlier International Style work to the New Formalism of his later years. The building was designated a National Historic Landmark for its architectural quality in 2015.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The McGregor Memorial Conference Center was funded by the McGregor Fund, as a memorial to Tracy W. and Katherine McGregor who initiated the fund in 1925. The McGregor Fund specified that the building be used as "a community conference center for groups of citizens interested in exploring ways and means of being helpful to others." To that end, Wayne State University hired architect Minoru Yamasaki in August 1955 to design the building. The commission came after Yamasakis long convalescence and subsequent trip to Japan, and was his first opportunity to put into practice his re-envisionment of architecture. Over the next seven years, Yamasaki designed three more buildings for Waynes campus: the Education Building, Prentis Hall, and DeRoy Auditorium.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The McGregor Memorial Conference Center is a two-story symmetrical pavilion covered with travertine marble. The McGregor Center contains 11 meeting rooms, a 600-seat auditorium, a 2,500 ft&sup2; reception area, and a 3,500 ft&sup2; exhibit space. Interior design features white marble floors, red carpeting, and black leather chairs by Mies van der Rohe.</p><br>
<p>The Hulls Trace North Huron River Corduroy Segment is a portion of Hulls Trace , a military road running from Urbana, Ohio, to Detroit. Hulls Trace was one of the first federal and military roads in the United States. This segment, the only known extant portion of the Trace, contains the remains of a corduroy road, and is located at approximately 36000 W Jefferson Avenue in Brownstown Charter Township, Michigan. The North Huron River Corduroy Segment of Hull&#39;s Trace was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010. As of 2014 it has been preserved and made accessible to the public as the Hulls Trace Unit of the River Raisin National Battlefield Park.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>At the beginning of the War of 1812, the United States was concerned about supplying Fort Detroit, then in American hands, and the surrounding Michigan Territory. Since Lake Erie was controlled by British forces, overland supply was the only option. In June and July 1812, troops under the command of General William Hull constructed what became known as "Hull&#39;s Trace," a 200 mi military road running from Urbana, Ohio, to Fort Detroit. The section of road represented here was constructed on July 4, 1812. The original trace included a wooden bridge over the Huron River and segment of corduroy road on the north side of the bridge. The corduroy construction stabilized the marshy soil into a usable roadbed.</p><br>
<p>Hull&#39;s Trace ran close to both Lake Erie and the Detroit River, making it vulnerable to British attacks from the water. The first land-based skirmish of the war, the Battle of Brownstown, was fought on the road just north of this section of the road. The later battles of Maguaga and Frenchtown were also fought along the trace.</p><br>
<p>At the end of 1815, cognizant of the poor condition of interior roads and the adverse impact it had on the outcome of the War of 1812, General Andrew Jackson suggested building a military road from New Orleans to the Tennessee River. The United States Congress approved Jacksons suggestion in 1816; but work on the New Orleans road was not started until 1817. In 1816, troops began improving the section of Hulls Trace from Detroit to Fort Meigs, making it the first federally supported military road in the United States.</p><br>
<p>Support for these military roads gained steam, and in April 1818, the United States Congress instructed then-Secretary of War John C. Calhoun to form a plan "for the purpose of opening and constructing such roads and canals as may deserve and require the aid of the Government with a view to military operations in time of war." Calhouns plan included the then-ongoing improvement of Hulls Trace from Detroit to Fort Meigs. The trace was renamed the "Great Military Road".</p><br>
<p>Major General Alexander Macomb was tasked with the work on the roadway. Around 150–200 soldiers worked to improve the roadway, and 1819 it was in a usable state. By 1822, the difficulties of maintaining the roadway through the low, wet land was apparent when it was "almost impossible for wagons (even in good weather)" and "in the fall and spring it almost impossible to travel it on horseback".</p><br>
<p>The route eventually morphed into a civilian road, serving as a major link between Detroit and Toledo. Much of the trace became what is now known as West Jefferson Avenue. The replacement road, called the "United States Road", the "Detroit–Frenchtown Road" or the "Toledo & Detroit Turnpike" survives as River Road or US Turnpike in Monroe and Wayne counties.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The North Huron River Corduroy Segment of Hull&#39;s Trace is located along the west side of Jefferson Avenue, just north of the Jefferson Avenue–Huron River Bridge. This corduroy road segment consists of a series of logs oriented approximately horizontally, emerging from the Jefferson Avenue embankment near the water level of Silver Creek. Around 600 logs are included in the exposed section of the trace, spread out in a broken sequence over a distance of approximately 380 m. Some logs still exhibit axe marks. The logs are of similar diameter and lie parallel to each other.</p><br>
<p>Christ Church Riverdale is a historic Episcopal parish church and related structures at 5040 Henry Hudson Parkway East in Riverdale, Bronx, New York City.</p><br>
<p>The church was founded in 1866 and its building, made from brick and local stone with a simple pierced-wall belfry; the church building was built in 1866 to designs by architect Richard M. Upjohn.</p><br>
<p>Rev. Gustav Cartensen was Rector until 1919. He was the first to permit attendance of black children from a nearby "Negro orphan asylum". He was then invited to take the pulpit at Holyrood Episcopal Church. His "liberal" positions garnered "widespread publicity," according to The New York Times.</p><br>
<p>Members of Christ Church today are drawn to the congregation&#39;s vibrant diversity, with people who have come together from many different countries and many faith traditions to form a warm and supportive community. Fr. Andrew G. Butler III is since 2014 the Rector of Christ Church Riverdale, after serving parishes in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia.</p><br>
<h2>Funeral of Lou Gehrig</h2><br>
<p>In June 1941 the church was the site of the funeral of former New York Yankee baseball player Lou Gehrig, whose home was nearby.</p><br>
<p>Putnam and Mellor Engine and Hose Company Firehouse was a historic fire station located at Port Chester, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1888 and is a three-story, three bay wide, masonry building in the Queen Anne style. It is constructed of red brick with stone stringcourses and terra cotta decoration. It features a low hipped roof with decorative gable ends and a corner bell tower.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The official name of this firehouse was the South Main Street Firehouse. The address was 46 South Main Street, Port Chester, NY. As described above, it housed the Putnam Engine & Hose Company, No.2 (founded Oct. 1854) and the Mellor Engine & Hose Company, No.3. The fire engines for these companies are Engine 63 and Engine 61, respectively.</p><br>
<p>In 1995 the rear wall of the South Main Street Firehouse collapsed, rendering the firehouse uninhabitable. Putnam and Mellor were temporarily displaced and eventually relocated to their current home – the South End Fire Station (51-53 Grace Church Street, Port Chester, NY). This new firehouse was completed in 2001.</p><br>
<p>Despite public outcry and despite being on the National Register, on November 17, 2007 the South Main Street Firehouse was demolished.</p><br>
<p>The Leo Friedlander Studio is a historic home and artist&#39;s studio located in Greenburgh, Westchester County, New York. It was built in 1908 by the Roman Bronze Works and is a -story building built of concrete block covered in stucco. It features classical style details, a copper-covered gable roof, a bank of skylights, and two brick chimneys. It was the residence and studio of Leo Friedlander  from the 1930s until his death. It was originally the home and studio of Henry Merwin Shrady and then Karl Ilava.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Reid Hall, also known as "The Castle", is a historic academic building located on the campus of Manhattanville College at Purchase, Westchester County, New York, United States. The Renaissance Revival structure was built in 1892 as a 50,000 ft&sup2; private home for publisher and diplomat Whitelaw Reid, with estate landscaping by Frederick Law Olmsted.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Castle was designed by Stanford White and built in 1892 as a dwelling for Whitelaw Reid after he returned from Paris after serving as the 28th United States Minister to France. Frederick Law Olmsted was hired to landscape his estate. Reid Hall occupies the footprint of the previous property owner Ben Holladay&#39;s Ophir Hall, which burned down and was rebuilt by Reid with the massive granite crenellated mansion. The building was expanded in 1912 by McKim, Mead & White with a large library wing and guest cottage.</p><br>
<p>Reid Hall was at one time a potential site for the United Nations. The property was purchased by Manhattanville College in 1951.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h3>Features</h3><br>
<p>It is a four-story, L-shaped building built of granite blocks in the Renaissance Revival style. It features a five-story tower and a corbelled battlement parapet that conceals a flat roof.</p><br>
<p>Sacred Heart of Jesus Catholic Church is a parish of the Roman Catholic Church in McCartyville, Ohio, United States. Founded in the late nineteenth century, it remains an active parish to the present day. Its rectory, which was built in the early twentieth century, has been designated a historic site.</p><br>
<h2>Parish history</h2><br>
<p>During the middle third of the nineteenth century, Ohioans began to clear the forests of the Great Black Swamp region, revealing fertile prairies. As these lands became open for farming, and as the construction of the Miami and Erie Canal created significant demand for laborers, the economy of western Ohio grew rapidly. Most settlers in the region were German farmers, while significant numbers of the canal workers were Irish. By 1850, priests of the Society of the Precious Blood had become established in the village of Minster, From that place, they spread out to serve the Catholics of the surrounding region.</p><br>
<p>Located in northwestern Shelby County, approximately 3 mi apart, St. Patrick&#39;s Catholic Church was organized in 1862; it was originally served by priests from Minster, and from Fort Loramie to the southwest. This arrangement endured until 1882; in this year, the McCartyville parishioners were separated into their own parish, which was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Twenty families formed the charter membership of the new church, which was the last parish to be created within the original boundaries of St. Augustine parish in Minster. Precious Blood priests continued to serve the parish until 1906; since that time, the parish has been served by diocesan priests.</p><br>
<h2>Property</h2><br>
<p>Three buildings are associated with the parish: the rectory, the church, and a former school. All three lie along the northern side of State Route 119 just east of its intersection with State Route 29. A cemetery is also associated with the church.</p><br>
<h3>Rectory</h3><br>
<p>From the earliest years of Catholic settlement in the Black Swamp region, parish priests typically lived at the convent closest to their churches. Early in the twentieth century, all parishes in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati were enjoined to construct rectories for their priests. Many of these houses were simple two-story rectangular brick structures with hipped roofs. The rectory at Sacred Heart church, which is similar to many other rectories in the region, lies immediately west of the church. Built in 1911, it is a square-shaped building with three bays on each side, that rests upon a foundation of cut stone with a concrete water table and a basement. Among its distinctive architectural features are a prominent cornice, large lug sills and lintels around the windows, and sidelights on both sides of the main entrance. Dominating the facade is a massive verandah-style porch with heavy brick pillars and a brick railing. The interior may be accessed through the recessed front door on the porch or through an exterior in-ground basement entrance.</p><br>
<h3>Church</h3><br>
<p>Located east of the rectory and west of the school, the recently constructed parish church is the largest building associated with Sacred Heart parish.</p><br>
<h3>School</h3><br>
<p>Many Precious Blood-served parishes in the Black Swamp region founded small parish schools for their children, because the Society and the settlers of the region placed great emphasis on Catholic education. Sacred Heart was one of these churches; its present school building was constructed in 1930. After only a few years of use, the school closed, and its building was sold to the state government for use as a public school.</p><br>
<h2>Recent history</h2><br>
<p>In 1977, the Sacred Heart rectory was recorded by the "Ohio Historic Inventory," a historic preservation program of the Ohio Historical Society. The inventory found no evidence of a preservation program for the house; however, it was seen as being in good condition without any threats to its historic integrity. Although it was assessed at that time as being ineligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, it was listed on the Register two years later because of its historically significant architecture. It was one of more than thirty different Catholic churches, rectories, and other buildings to be added together to the Register; they composed a multiple property submission of buildings in western Ohio connected to the Society of the Precious Blood. Many of the churches in the region feature tall steeples that can be seen from far away; as a result, the region has become known as the "Land of the Cross-Tipped Churches."</p><br>
<p>Unlike its sister parish in St. Patrick, Sacred Heart remains an active parish in the Archdiocese of Cincinnati. It is clustered with Immaculate Conception parish in Botkins and St. Lawrence parish in Rhine; all three churches are part of the Sidney Deanery.</p><br>
